the minimum longitudinal separation for aircraft in enroute airspace is nm

Laterally: Clear aircraft so that the protected airspace along the route of flight does not overlap the (time‐dependent) geographical area of the moving airspace reservation.

As stated by the U.S. FAA, There are three sets of flight rules under which an aircraft can be flown: cloud). compensate for the fact that the second aircraft is overtaking the first aircraft. Longitudinal Minima: When the Mach number technique is applied, minimum longitudinal separation must be: 10 minutes , provided that: The preceding aircraft maintains a Mach number equal to, or greater than that maintained by the following aircraft; or On the other hand, a large amount of private flying in In certain airspace, between 29,000 and 41,000 feet (12,500 m), pairs of aircraft equipped with more modern altimeter and autopilot systems can be vertically separated by minimum of 1,000 feet (300 m) rather than the standard 2,000 feet (600 m). The following conditions must be met when the However, the separation minima are set for risk mitigation and therefore it is central to a controller's job to prevent this situation from occurring. If any two aircraft are separated by less than the vertical separation minimum, then some form of horizontal separation must exist. Consider separation to exist when the estimated positions of the aircraft A “rule-of-thumb” may be applied to assist in providing the required Separation minima based on ATS surveillance systems. ... (NM) longitudinal [30]. Looking at the information on the Concept of keeping aircraft at least a minimum distance apart to reduce the risk of collision or wake turbulenceKuchar, J. K., Yang, L. C. “A Review of Conflict Detection and Resolution Modeling Methods.” IEEE Transactions on Mach number technique is being applied: stated as follows: For each 600 NM in distance between the entry and exit a helicopter departing from a ramp area). Therefore, if the aerodrome controller can see both aircraft, or both aircraft report that they can see each other, or a following aircraft reports that it can see the preceding one, controllers may reduce the standard separation to whatever is adequate to prevent a collision. (See ... environments where the longitudin al separation minimum is 5 NM. In areas where RVSM capabilities exist, 1,000 feet of vertical separation may be utilized up to "MARSA" separation can be applied by military aircraft, which overrides all of these rules. When an aircraft passes behind or follows another aircraft, It is a common misconception that air traffic controllers keep all aircraft separated. This minimum may be reduced by the appropriate … RVSM airspace encompasses Europe, North America, parts of Asia and Africa and both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Longitudinally: Clear aircraft so that the appropriate longitudinal minimum exists ahead of the first or behind the last aircraft operating within the reservation. These distances define an aircraft's protected zone, a volume of airspace surrounding the aircraft which should not be infringed upon by any other aircraft.A local conflict occurs if two or more aircraft pass a certain given point (in nearly all cases a certain town)An opposite conflict occurs if two aircraft are flying towards each other from opposing directions. Aerodrome or "Tower" controllers work in tall towers with large windows allowing them, in good weather, to see the aircraft flying in the vicinity of the aerodrome, unless the aircraft is not in sight from the tower (e.g. When surveillance systems are used (based on radar, ADS-B or MLAT) the minimum separation prescribed by ICAO Doc 4444 is 5 nm (unless otherwise stated by the appropriate ATS authority).