Let the engine cylinder contain m kg of air at its original condition represented by point 1 on the p-v and T-s diagrams. thermodynamic process. The work done W = Q − ΔU, W = 0 − ΔU ⇒ W = −ΔU, (Q = 0, as no heat transfer) As we are in the second process of the cycle then, W 2 = −ΔU 2 ⇒ Work done for curve BC on the PV diagram.

The working fluid of a propulsion system is a gas. The engine developed by Carnot has air (which is assumed to work as a perfect gas) as its working substance enclosed in a cylinder, in which a frictionless piston A moves.


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The temperature of the air increases from T4 to T1. So, the concept of the Carnot cycle is hard to digest. As you know, the processes in the Carnot cycle are reversible.Therefore, the Carnot cycle can be used as a reverse Carnot cycle. He is also an author and editor at theengineerspost.com In this article, you'll learn what is a Reamer? That is all the processes that form can be reversed, in which case it becomes the Carnot refrigeration cycle. Also, find the Coefficient of performance? What... He completed his engineering studies in 2014 and is currently working in a large firm as Mechanical Engineer. © Howtrending.com Official Web Complete Carnot Cycle, Carnot Cycle efficiency, PV diagram, TS diagramIn this article, we were discussing the Carnot cycle and Carnot cycle efficiency for the Carnot heat engine. The engine is assumed to work between two sources of infinite capacity. An example of such a system is a refrigerator or air conditioner. Mathematically the work done by the reciprocating compressor is equal to the work done by compressor during compression and discharge minus the work done during the suction of fluid. While the Carnot cycle laid the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics.ccording to the first law of thermodynamics, if a certain amount of work is done, an equivalent amount of heat is produced and if a certain amount of heat is absorbed, an equivalent amount of work is done.The First law of thermodynamics is also the law of conservations of energy.From behalf of this law, you can say that whole energy in the universe is conserved.These conversions of energies are interconvertible.In thermodynamics, it was seen later that, all these statements are equivalent to each other.Kelvin Planck’s statement for the second law of thermodynamicsIt is impossible to construct a heat engine operating in cycles, which extract heat from a single thermal reservoir and converts the whole of it into work.The second law is the most fundamental law of nature.The limitations of the first law encouraged scientists to find the second law of thermodynamics.As you know the first law only tells us the conversion of energies into other forms of energy.But this law did not give information about the quantity and direction-flow of conversions and many other reverse parameters.You can say the second law of thermodynamics is the law of nature.Before you moved to the Carnot cycle, you should know about the spontaneous and non-spontaneous process?Carnot heat engine and all other heat engines follow the second law of thermodynamics.The second law of thermodynamics is correlated with the spontaneous and non-spontaneous process.A spontaneous process, which has a tendency to do occur by itself in nature means no need for input energy from outside sources.Also, a process is spontaneous if some initial effort is done and sometimes it is conditional.waterfalls (water itself falls from upper to lower surface) or if we move a ball on an inclined plane from top to bottom, he process of changing diamond into graphite at certain conditions, the process of decay of radioactive isotopes, etc.In these examples some of the processes happen only by itself, Such as waterfalls, mixing of sugar in water, a ball rolling top to down, etc.These processes are naturally occurring and also condition-based.If we move water with a spoon, the mixing rate of sugar is more than by itself.

Area under a curve in a TS diagram represents heat transfer involved in the process. An ideal gas is used in the cylinder as a working substance.It is an infinite thermal capacity heat reservoir at a fixed high-temperature Infinite thermal capacity means during adding and subtraction of heat from the reservoir does not change its temperature It is a second heat reservoir, which has also infinite heat capacity at a fixed low-temperature A perfectly Non-Conducting stand is used during operations in the Carnot cycle process. After this, the reversed Carnot cycle worked as a refrigerator.The second law of thermodynamics not violated here.But in the case of a refrigerator or reverse Carnot cycle, This is a clear violation of the second law of thermodynamics.As the heat can not transfer by itself from a lower temperature to higher temperature, without any external agency.Therefore in the case of a refrigerator, some external work is done to transfer heat from a low temp body to a high temp body.For refrigerator, this work is performed by the compressor of the refrigerator by the use of electricity.The efficiency of the refrigerator is measured in terms of the Coefficient of performance.The coefficient of performance is the ratio of the amount of heat absorbed from the sink to the work done by an external agency.The efficiency of all heat engines cannot be more than Find, how many calories of heat are discarded to the room? The adiabatic compression is represented by the curve 4-1 on p-v and T-s diagram.


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