iron ore processing methods

Crushing is done in the conventional manner in 2 or 3 stage systems to approximately all minus ¾ inch which is considered good feed for subsequent wet rod and ball mill grinding.The primary rod mill discharge at about minus 10- mesh is treated over wet magnetic cobbers where, on average magnetic taconite ore, about 1/3 of the total tonnage is rejected as a non-magnetic tailing requiring no further treatment.

This step prevents overloading the crusher and increases its efficiency. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Iron is allotropic—that is, it exists in different forms.

Its There is evidence that meteorites were used as a source of iron before 3000 Although the Romans built furnaces with a pit into which slag could be run off, little change in iron-making methods occurred until Despite the military demand for cast iron, most civil applications required malleable iron, which until then had been made directly in a bloomery. Increased iron production led to a scarcity of wood for charcoal and to its subsequent replacement by The eventual decline in the use of wrought iron was brought about by a series of inventions that allowed furnaces to operate at temperatures high enough to melt iron. This is followed by a known quantity by scrap steel, which is dependent on the final grade of steel required.Once the roof is replaced, the electrodes are lowered and an initial voltage is applied to them, and when the scrap steel has started to melt, the main voltage is applied.When the metal is molten, oxygen is injected into it, with the impurities being converted to oxides and forming a slag.

(EAF)Both methods remove a high percentage of the carbon content from the pig iron, along with the impurities of aluminum, calcium (produced during tapping), sulphur, silicon, manganese, and phosphorus.The vertical circular steel furnace is brick-lined and has a roof which contains graphite electrodes. The electrodes are withdrawn and the roof is lifted to facilitate the loading of the pig iron to the bottom of the furnace. These tailings are also high in other useful metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt, and they can be used for road-building materials like pavement and filler and b… Today we normally use an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or a Basic Oxygen Furnace. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

The technique grew to include methods based on oxygen steelmaking converters using coal as a source of additional energy, and in the 1980s it became the focus of extensive

The method of charging fuel and ore and the approximate position of the nozzle supplied with air by a bellows are shown. All Rights Reserved.

A static screen is used to divert the fine particles for crushing.

This process prepares it for the next stage which is the heating and forging to the desired wrought iron designs and shapes.This used to be an art of the blacksmith, but is now normally carried out by machines.This process is used to remove impurities from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. Blast furnaces are so hot which is why they melt the iron, and drain it off to be poured into moulds to form bars, called ingots. It has developed from the early methods used such as an open hearth, or a Bessemer furnace.

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