Water vapour may be invisible but it is always in the sky in some amount. Besides, they are a reduced amount of bright in … But how does a chlorine atom reach to such high levels of atmosphere?Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Answer: c) CFCs were used as refrigerants, pressurizing agents (foam and aerosol cans) and for cleaning electronic equipment.Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss an important update!El Nino | ENSO | La Nina | El Nino Modoki | Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)El Nino | ENSO | La Nina | El Nino Modoki | Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)Copyright © 2016-20 Pmfias.com. The Cl-catalyzed ozone depletion is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) [Finally this how polar vortex leads to ozone depletion] As mid-may brings on the onset of winter, the Antarctic stratosphere cools and descends closer to the surface. These clouds are made of ice crystals which provide surface of many of chemical reactions. The extremely low temperatures in Polar Regions in winter cause formation of so called Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) in the otherwise dry stratosphere there. Clouds form when water condenses in the sky. Under these conditions, PSCs can develop. Tropical Regions – they form at altitudes of 6,100 m (20,000 ft) to 18,300 m (60,000 ft). 3) Discuss the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds and their role in the depletion of the ozone layer. During winter in the Polar Regions, aerosols grow to form polar stratospheric clouds. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a central role in the formation of the ozone hole in the Antarctic and Arctic. Types of thunderstorm: Thermal, Orographic and Cloud Front thunderstorm; Tornado: formation, Water spout and Distribution in world ; Polar vortex: meaning and properties, formation, Cold wave: polar vortex, Polar vortex in USA 2014; Polar stratospheric clouds; Ozone depletion north pole and South Pole, Montreal Protocol and its implementation. Thunderheads produce rain, thunder and lightning.Clouds are classified on the basis of their formation at different heights. Clouds are visible accumulations of tiny water droplets or ice crystals in the Earth’s atmosphere. Nimbostratus clouds bring continuous rainfall or snowfall that may continue for a very duration.Cumulonimbus clouds are also called thunderheads. The coldness causes the formation of polar stratospheric clouds which provide an ideal surface for production of ozone depleting chlorine compounds. Elucidate. Mid-Level Clouds. Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. The altitude at which certain category of clouds form varies on the basis of the polar region, tropical region etc.Below table gives the classification of clouds and the associated types of cloudsNephology is the science of clouds, which is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology.The above details would be of help to candidates preparing for These reactions lead to the production of free radicals of chlorine in the stratosphere which directly destroy ozone molecules. The … Special reactions that occur on PSCs, combined with the relative isolation of polar stratospheric air, allow chlorine and bromine reactions to … These polar stratospheric clouds are relatively lesser in the Arctic. The timing and duration of PSC events, their geographic extent and vertical distributions, and their annual variability are not well understood. (250 words) Geography by G C Leong The Davis LIDAR has been used to study stratospheric clouds since 2001. The air in the vortex gets very cold and facilitates formation of polar stratospheric clouds. When sunlight returns to the South Pole in October, UV light rapidly breaks the bond between the free chlorine molecules. The very low winter temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere leads to the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). One main type of PSC is made up mostly of supercooled droplets of water and nitric acid and is implicated in the formation of ozone holes. Non-vertical clouds in the middle level are prefixed by the alto.
Abstract. Low planetary wave activity led to a stable vortex with exceptionally cold temperatures in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter. Ice polar stratospheric clouds (nacreous clouds) form at temperatures below the ice frost point, typically near −85 °C, which is colder than the average lower stratosphere temperature.The characteristic bright iridescent colours, resulting from diffraction and interference of light waves, suggest that the clouds are composed of similarly sized spherical crystals of about 10 μm in diameter.
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